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7 The paper & Radios ｜ Lecun world model is the first attempt; Meta open source text music generation model

The Heart of the Machine & ArXiv Weekly

Participation: Chu Hang, Luo Ruotian, Mei Hongyuan

This week’s important papers include the first research on the world model of Yann LeCun, a Turing Prize winner, and MusicGen, a Meta open source text-generated music model.

Directory:

Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture

Adversarial Example Does Good: Preventing Painting Imitation from Diffusion Models via Adversarial Examples

Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Handwriting Generation

INSTRUCTEVAL: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models

Reverse Engineering Self-Supervised Learning

VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllability

Simple and Controllable Music Generation

Arxiv Weekly Radio Station: More Selected Papers of NLP, CV and ML (with Audio)

Paper 1: self-supervised learning from images with a joint-embedding predictive architecture

Authors: Mahmoud Assran et al.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.08243.pdf

Abstract: Let AI learn and reason like human beings, which is an important step for artificial intelligence to move towards human intelligence. Yann LeCun, winner of Turing Prize, once proposed a solution of self-monitoring and world model, and now he finally has the first real visual model-I-JEPA. As shown in the following figure, I-JEPA uses a single context block to predict the representations of various target blocks originating from the same image.

Recommendation: The first study of LeCun world model is coming: self-monitoring vision, learning and reasoning like human beings, which is open source.

Paper 2: Adversarial example does good: preventing painting from different models via Adversarial examples.

Authors: Chumeng Liang et al

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04578

This paper introduces a paper included in ICML 2023 Oral, which was jointly completed by the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems, new york University and Queen’s University of Belfast. The joint works of this thesis are Liang Chumeng, who is about to study for a doctorate at the University of Southern California, and Wu Xiaoyu, a graduate student at Shanghai Jiaotong University.

Recommendation: quietly add pixel-level watermark to the picture: the method to prevent AI from "copying" works of art has been found.

Paper 3: Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Writing Generation

Authors: Gang Dai et al.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.14736

In this paper, researchers from South China University of Technology, National University of Singapore, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Pazhou Laboratory jointly put forward an interesting handwritten character generation method, which can copy the user’s writing style only by providing a few reference samples, and then generate arbitrary characters that conform to this style.

Recommendation: AI, which can imitate handwriting, creates a unique font for you and is selected as CVPR 2023.

Paper 4: Instructive Eval: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models

Authors: Yew Ken Chia et al.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04757

Abstract: Over the years, what is the performance of instruction tuning large language model? This study puts forward a brand-new evaluation suite, which comprehensively evaluates them in solving problems, writing and aligning human values, and the results may exceed your expectations. The researchers provide an overall overview of the open source instruction model in Table 3 below.

Recommendation: for four years, the basic open source model has not really improved, and the evaluation of the instruction tuning model is amazing.

Paper 5: reverse engineering self-supervised learning

Authors: Ido Ben-Shaul et al.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.15614v2

Self-supervised learning can use the unsupervised data of auxiliary tasks to mine its own supervision information, and train the network through this constructed supervision information, so as to learn valuable representations for downstream tasks. Recently, many researchers, including Yann LeCun, winner of Turing Prize, published a study, claiming that self-supervised learning was reverse-engineered, so that we could understand the internal behavior of its training process.

In order to intuitively understand SSL training, Figure 1 below shows the embedding space of training samples of the network through UMAP visualization, which includes the situation before and after training and is divided into different levels.

Recommendation: New research achievement of Yann LeCun team: For self-supervised learning reverse engineering, the original clustering is realized in this way.

Paper 6: video composer: comprehensive video synthesis with motion controllability

Authors: Xiang Wang et al

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02018

Abstract: In the field of AI painting, Composer proposed by Ali and ControlNet proposed by Stanford led the theoretical development of controllable image generation. However, the exploration of controllable video generation in the industry is still in a relatively blank state. Compared with image generation, controllable video is more complicated, because besides the spatial controllability of video content, it also needs to meet the controllability of time dimension. Based on this, the research teams of Alibaba and Ant Group took the lead in making an attempt and put forward VideoComposer, which realizes the controllability of video in both time and space through combined generation paradigm.

In this study, the performance of VideoComposer is directly tested on nine different classic tasks, and satisfactory results are obtained, which proves the universality of VideoComposer.

Recommendation: Video generation with controllable time and space has come into reality, and the new work VideoComposer of Ali’s big model is on fire.

Paper 7: simple and controllable music generation

Authors: Jade Copet et al.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05284.pdf

Abstract: At the beginning of the year, Google launched MusicLM, a big model of music generation, and the effect was very good. Some people say that this is more important than the ChatGPT of the fire, which almost solves the problem of music generation. Recently, Meta also launched its own text music generation model, MusicGen, which is free for non-commercial use.

Enter the first two sentences in the lyrics of Jay Chou’s "Qi Li Xiang" as follows: "The sparrow outside the window talks on the telephone pole, and you say this sentence is very summer-like" (in Chinese).

Recommendation: Meta open source text generates a big music model, and we tried it with the lyrics of Qilixiang.

ArXiv Weekly Radiostation

Machine Heart, together with ArXiv Weekly Radiostation initiated by Chu Hang, Luo Ruotian and Mei Hongyuan, selected more important papers this week, including 10 selected papers in NLP, CV and ML fields, and provided an audio abstract introduction. Details are as follows:

The 10 NLP selected papers this week are:

1. Can Large Language Models Infer Causation from Correlation? . (from Bernhard Sch?lkopf)

2. Developing Speech Processing Pipelines for Police Accountability. (from Dan Jurafsky)

3. SqueezeLLM: Dense-and-Sparse Quantization. (from Michael W. Mahoney, Kurt Keutzer)

4. Morphosyntactic probing of multilingual BERT models. (from Noah A. Smith)

5. ChatGPT for Us: Preserving Data Privacy in ChatGPT via Dialogue Text Ambiguation to Expand Mental Health Care Delivery. (from Kai-Wei Chang, Majid Sarrafzadeh)

6. Language models are not naysayers: An analysis of language models on negation benchmarks. (from Timothy Baldwin)

7. Modality Adaption or Regularization? A Case Study on End-to-End Speech Translation. (from Jingbo Zhu)

8. Xiezhi: An Ever-Updating Benchmark for Holistic Domain Knowledge Evaluation. (from Rui Xu)

9. Word sense extension. (from Lei Yu)

10. Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learners. (from Chitta Baral)

The top 10 CV selected papers this week are:

1. Multi-Modal Classifiers for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection. (from Andrew Zisserman)

2. AVIS: Autonomous Visual Information Seeking with Large Language Models. (from Kai-Wei Chang, Cordelia Schmid)

3. SMC-UDA: Structure-Modal Constraint for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Renal Segmentation. (from Rama Chellappa, Xinbo Gao)

4. Aladdin: Zero-Shot Hallucination of Stylized 3D Assets from Abstract Scene Descriptions. (from Leonidas Guibas)

5. Adding 3D Geometry Control to Diffusion Models. (from Alan Yuille)

6. Compositor: Bottom-up Clustering and Compositing for Robust Part and Object Segmentation. (from Alan Yuille)

7. Teaching AI to Teach: Leveraging Limited Human Salience Data Into Unlimited Saliency-Based Training. (from Kevin Bowyer)

8. Instant Multi-View Head Capture through Learnable Registration. (from Michael J. Black)

9. FlowFormer: A Transformer Architecture and Its Masked Cost Volume Autoencoding for Optical Flow. (from Xiaogang Wang)

10. MOFI: Learning Image Representations from Noisy Entity Annotated Images. (from Jon Shlens)

The 10 ML selected papers this week are:

1. A Comprehensive Survey on Applications of Transformers for Deep Learning Tasks. (from Witold Pedrycz)

2. Inductive Linear Probing for Few-shot Node Classification. (from Huan Liu)

3. Virtual Node Tuning for Few-shot Node Classification. (from Huan Liu)

4. Understanding How Consistency Works in Federated Learning via Stage-wise Relaxed Initialization. (from Dacheng Tao)

5. Extending Kernel PCA through Dualization: Sparsity, Robustness and Fast Algorithms. (from Johan A. K. Suykens)

6. Variational Positive-incentive Noise: How Noise Benefits Models. (from Xuelong Li)

7. Privacy Preserving Bayesian Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Settings. (from Joydeep Ghosh)

8. One-for-All: Generalized LoRA for Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning. (from Eric Xing)

9. Identification of Nonlinear Latent Hierarchical Models. (from Eric Xing)

10. Composing Efficient, Robust Tests for Policy Selection. (from Peter Stone)

? THE END

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Original title: "7 Papers & Radios | LeCun World Model is the first attempt; Meta open source text music generation model "

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Landmap bosom friend spy photos at home and abroad exposed, or released in the third quarter

Recently, the results of the college entrance examination have been announced one after another, and the videos of straight-A students have taken turns to swipe the screens of major platforms, and their hard work has finally been rewarded at this moment. In the rim, there is also such a "985" straight-A student, which is the first global car from the "national team" Lantu – Lantu bosom friend. Relevant information shows that the new car may be released in the third quarter of this year.

The reason why Lantu’s confidant is "985" straight-A student comes from the support of three core indicators: 901km ultra-long pure electric battery life, the global 800V silicon carbide platform, and the blessing of 5C battery supercharging technology.

In recent days, many overseas netizens shared the pictures of Landmap’s bosom friend in the local road test. In Dalian, where the Summer Davos Forum was being held, some netizens saw the figure of Landmap’s bosom friend camouflage car. The attention at home and abroad was super high, which once again triggered a heated discussion on the whole network.

Landmap bosom friend road test spy photo. Landmap car photo, sent by Hualong.com

Although the spy photo has been deeply camouflaged, the visual contour of the Lantu bosom friend is impressive. Different from the Lantu FREE 318 mecha wind hardcore shape, the overall line of the Lantu bosom friend is rounded. Thanks to the native high-end intelligent electric architecture ESSA empower developed by Lantu, the width of the Lantu bosom car is nearly 2 meters, creating a thick wide-body coupe style. With the body layout of four wheels and four corners and the length of 4725mm, it brings users a 2900mm ultra-long wheelbase comparable to that of a medium and large SUV.

At this year’s Landmap Spring Technical Communication Conference, Landmap CEO Lu Fang’s description of Landmap’s bosom friend’s performance in Sandian, Smart Cabin, and Smart Driving also made everyone look forward to the arrival of this new car. In terms of intelligent experience, Landmap bosom friend builds smart cockpit through cutting-edge technology, and smart driving is also very interesting, both of which are highly concerned by the consumer market.

Lantu’s confidant is developed for the global market, and with the comprehensive strength of leading the industry in an all-round way, it may become the fulcrum of Lantu’s sales. It is frequently compared with the Model Y with similar positioning by consumers, which shows that everyone is quite interested in the competition between the two top new energy products in China and the United States. As the pace of new car advancement continues to accelerate, the whole picture of Lantu’s confidant is becoming clearer. Let’s wait and see how the future market performance will be.

42-Year-old Wu Qihua Changchun married a 21-year-old wife, supported by Zeng Zhiwei and Zhang Jiahui

42-Year-old Wu Qihua has finally ended his long-distance love run and married his 21-year-old wife Shi Yangzi after experiencing many emotional changes. (Image source: China Business Daily)

　　　 Wu Qihua and Shi Yangzi, a girl from Changchun, got married in Changchun on the evening of the 8th, and specially invited some friends such as Zeng Zhiwei and Zhang Jiahui to help. The wedding ended briefly within two hours, and the couple left Changchun and returned to Beijing on the 10th.

　　　 According to Northeast customs, the first wedding is usually held in the morning. Although Wu Qihua and Shi Yangzi have not been married before, their wedding banquet was held in the afternoon. Afraid that everyone would misunderstand, Shi Yangzi’s aunt hurriedly explained that because Wu Qihua is from Hong Kong, the wedding banquet in Hong Kong is at night, so the two sides are compromise, so the wedding banquet is arranged in the afternoon. Although the wedding banquet officially started at 17:00, Wu Qihua rushed to the bride Shi Yangzi’s house with seven cars at 14:00. Compared with the long queues of many wedding cars, Wu Qihua’s welcome team was really low-key.

　　　 Although the bride and groom had been preparing for the wedding for two years, the scene was still almost awkward, but fortunately it did not affect the festive atmosphere of the wedding. The auditorium was a Western arrangement, but the whole wedding still continued the way Northeast people got married. The first step was for both parties to tell the love process. Because Wu Qihua’s Mandarin is not particularly standard, this part is very simple. Wu Qihua just said: "I promised Shi Yangzi to marry her two years ago, and now I finally fulfilled this promise."

　　　 But when the second step was to pour the champagne tower and order the cake fireworks, what the newlyweds didn’t expect was that the champagne was obviously underprepared, and only three layers were poured into the 11-story champagne tower. Shi Yangzi looked at the unfilled champagne tower and exchanged a helpless expression with Wu Qihua.

　　　 The third step was to invite both parents to the stage, but due to the difference between the north and the south, the parents only stood on stage for a group photo, neither kneeling, bowing, nor pouring tea and ended in a hurry. When Wu Qihua and Shi Yangzi were drinking a glass of wine, the whole scene boiled up. Wu Qihua bent his legs slightly to accommodate his wife’s height, and was shaken by the spotlight until he couldn’t open his eyes.

　　　 "Hong Kong is a long way away and everyone is very busy, so not many people came," Mr. Wu explained when he got married in Changchun. "I came uninvited. Wu Qihua didn’t notify me because his phone number changed, but I think our friend for so many years, he couldn’t not be there when he got married." (Morning News)

　　　 Live coquettish like a boy

　　　 The wedding reception was held in the most upscale five-star hotel in Changchun, and the scene was grand but not luxurious. There were only 26 tables in total. The day was entirely Western-style wedding. Although the media asked the two to kiss, which was rejected by the shy Shi Yangzi, during the glass of wine, Wu Qihua couldn’t help but steal a kiss from Shi Yangzi, and the happiness and sweetness were written all over their faces.

　　　 At that time, in order to accommodate his wife’s height, Wu Qihua specially squatted down, quite thinking of Shi Yangzi. During this time, Wu Qihua pouted and pointed at his throat as if no one was around, and acted coquettishly to his wife on the stage, saying that his throat was too sore, showing his big boy side.

　　　 Expected husband and wife to film together

　　　 Wu Qihua, who was born in 1964, is 43 years old, while Shi Yangzi has just turned 22, a full 21 years younger than Wu Qihua. The huge age difference, coupled with Wu Qihua’s status as an artist and negative news such as having hired prostitutes, once made people not optimistic about this relationship. Shi Yangzi also admitted, "My parents were indeed a little worried at first, but later they saw that our relationship was stable, so they decided to let us get married." "There is indeed a gap in our age, but we still look very good." Wu Qihua was obviously prepared for the issue of age.

　　　 Wu Qihua is more happy to say that in the future, he will work harder in acting, and if possible, he will partner with his wife in film and television dramas.

　　　 No plans to have children

　　　 The most interesting thing is that the two people exchange gifts. I thought that Wu Qihua’s gift to his new wife would be extraordinary, but on the contrary, Wu Qihua gave the bride an apron. He also said that he cooks and does laundry at home, and occasionally his wife also does it, so he gave her an apron to keep her clothes dirty when cooking. Shi Yangzi’s gift to Wu Qihua is also much beyond everyone’s imagination – a "old man’s music". The reason is that my husband works too hard, and I hope he can relax. Shi Yangzi scratched Wu Qihua’s back with "old man’s music" on the spot, which made everyone laugh.

　　　 The former nurse killer has now become a good man at home. Wu Qihua revealed that he now cooks for his wife every day, while Shi Yangzi is responsible for washing his clothes. It is reported that Shi Yangzi will fade out of the entertainment industry after marriage, but Shi Yangzi also made it clear, "I have no plans to have children at present!"

　　　 Friends in the circle are present to congratulate

　　　 Zeng Zhiwei, Zhang Jiahui, Ruan Zhaoxiang and others specially came from Hong Kong to wish their friend Wu Qihua’s new marriage. Regarding the number of red envelopes, Zeng Zhiwei smiled and said, "The red envelope is a thought, and you can say as much as you want!" When asked how to handle Bao’s marriage in the future, Zeng Zhiwei said, "As long as she can afford it, as long as I can afford it."

　　　 "I came uninvited," Mr. Cheung said. "I heard that he was in Changchun, and I came. We’ve been friends for so many years, and I can’t be absent when he gets married." Mr. Cheung went on to explain that "because my mobile phone number in Hong Kong was changed, Wu Qihua didn’t notify me." Because Wu Qihua had a failed marriage, Zhang Jiahui "hopes this is Qi Hua’s last marriage."

　　　 Jin Qiaoqiao, who has been in a relationship with Wu Qihua for two years and happened to be filming in Changchun, said of her ex-boyfriend’s wedding reception in Changchun: "It is impossible to send a simple blessing to the wedding reception. If I were the bride, I would not want my husband’s ex-girlfriend to disturb me."　

　　　 News link: Love at first sight when filming a TV series

　　　 After Wu Qihua divorced his Thai ex-wife in 1997, he dated Huang Wenying, the owner of Taiwan’s Qiangku Karaoke, and mainland actresses Jin Qiaoqiao and Luo Yongxian.

　　　 Wu Qihua and Shi Yangzi met in 2004 while filming the TV series "The Legend of the Heroic Doctor". At that time, Shi Yangzi was only a student of the Emperor Performing Arts School in North China. The two fell in love at first sight and quickly fell in love. On November 4 last year, Wu Qihua knelt on one knee at the recording site of the "Dance Forest Conference" program, holding a cartoon flower to ask Shi Yangzi to propose. After three years of dating, the two registered their marriage in Hong Kong at the beginning of the year, and the wedding was specially held in Changchun, the hometown of his wife Shi Yangzi. (Chongqing Times)

Editor in charge: Liu Liyan

Why does everyone love Wang Sicong？

Recently, "National Husband" Wang Sicong has been on the hot topic list again! This time, Wang Sicong was named the "Discipline Inspection Commission" of the entertainment industry by the majority of Weibo netizens because of his feat of revealing the bad deeds of actresses. The transformation from "National Husband" to the "Discipline Inspection Commission" of the entertainment industry cannot be promoted by this one thing. Let’s take a look at the things in the entertainment industry that once made Cong Cong worry.

1. Reveal the bad deeds of actresses

The two so-called "actresses" involved in this new year’s drama are actually what people usually call 18-line young actors, neither their names nor their faces are familiar. But since Wang Sicong has been involved, they are not far from the day they became popular or they are now Internet celebrities. The matter started when two actresses, Zhu Shengyi and Pan Yurun, turned from girlfriends to enemies because they entered the drama, and then Pan accused Zhu Kai’s trumpet to smear her. Wang Sicong was obviously biased towards Pan Yurun, and broke the news that Zhu Shengyi was being kept and pimped. After that, Zhu Shengyi refuted that Wang Sicong had maliciously retaliated because he tried to make an appointment with her. So, the online drama started beautifully!

This matter is still in the stage of evidence from both sides, during which we spectators can’t figure out all kinds of love and hate, but netizens with principles and attitudes always stand on the united front – unconditionally support "husband" Wang Sicong!

2. Zhang Zixuan and Bonobo

The most popular entertainment event these days is the affair between Chen He and Zhang Zixuan, and in this incident, we can also see Cong Cong’s figure. When Chen He and Zhang Zixuan’s love affair was first exposed, Wang Sicong forwarded Weibo and said that he had information about Zhang Zixuan, but it did not break out. When netizens asked him if he had also had sex with Zhang, Cong Cong only answered one word: "Bonobo", and then these two Weibo were quickly deleted by Wang Sicong. But persistent netizens still learned that bonobo is a creature called bonobo by asking the great Du Niang, and its biggest feature is interbreeding.

The onlookers who knew the truth all sighed: "Husband is not only rich, but also has culture! Such a profound way of scolding people, I and other losers can only worship!"

3. Emotional entanglements with movie blockbusters

Wanda Group has the largest and highest quality movie theater chain in the country, and Wang Sicong, as the prince of Wanda Group, naturally has to pay special attention to the film. At the end of 2014, the New Year’s movie "One Step Away" and Cong Cong’s battle attracted the attention of tens of millions of people. Some people say that Wang Sicong’s evaluation is not objective, and "One Step Away" is obviously very good-looking; however, most people still support Wang Sicong, not only because he is the "national husband", but also because the performance of the movie is really unflattering. After a movie is released, some people will naturally like and scold it, and Wang Sicong cannot be allowed to comment because of his identity, and the poster of malicious PS is even more narrow-minded. It’s the same sentence: "I evaluate whether the refrigerator is good or not, do I have to be able to refrigerate?"

In fact, "One Step Away" is not the first movie that Wang Sicong has publicly criticized on Weibo. The 2014 summer vacation movie "White-haired Witch’s Bright Moon Kingdom", which was sprayed by everyone, was also scolded by Wang Sicong. Therefore, when our entertainment industry "Discipline Inspection Commission" criticizes movies, it should still be justice and fairness, at least in accordance with its own aesthetic standards.

4, outspoken Internet celebrity Xiao Wang bravely bombarded all kinds of celebrities

If you think that Wang Sicong will only scold the little stars who are not very popular on the Internet and complain about various movies, then you are wrong. In addition to the little stars, all kinds of big names of celebrities can’t escape the sharp mouth of our Wang Gongzi! Among those who have been recruited are Zhang Lan, chairperson of South Beauty, Wang Xiaofei, Zhang Lan’s son (husband of Big S), Wang Fei, the queen of music, and Zhao Benshan, the king of sketches, etc., all of which have been complained by Wang Sicong on Weibo. No matter how the fans of the stars comment on Weibo, Xiao Wang, a low-key Internet celebrity, still goes his own way. When it is time to be mean, he will be mean.

Why do netizens like Wang Sicong?

In fact, a large part of today’s netizens have a very serious hatred of the rich, and when it comes to the second generation of officials and the second generation of rich, most people have a very strong resistance. But when people face the real second generation of rich Wang Sicong, it is a completely different attitude. The reason is that Wang Sicong’s personal image on the Internet is too successful. Open Wang Sicong’s Weibo, first of all, the personal profile is very favorable – "low-key Internet celebrity Xiao Wang", this self-deprecating profile suddenly shortens the distance between him and ordinary netizens. Looking at the content of his Weibo, the language is vivid and humorous, he can make jokes, he can interact with all kinds of jokers, gag and gossip, and he looks no different from those bloggers who call themselves "diaosi". This has won the favor of most people. Everyone will think that he is kind and unassuming, which will naturally distinguish him from the rich second generation who are ostentatious and troublesome in his impression. In addition, and most importantly, the "three views" are in line with the mainstream online crowd. Whether it is against positive or complaining about bad artists, Wang Sicong’s attitude has always been the same as that of most netizens. Of course, as the son of a rich businessperson, Wang Sicong is also very smart to avoid all sensitive topics, which makes his online image basically unassailable.

From the "husband of the people" to the "discipline inspection commission" of the entertainment industry, Wang Sicong has shown us the image of a real "person" with flesh and blood through Weibo, and whether this image is true or false, at least he is likeable. Wang Sicong is no longer just a rich second generation in the eyes of netizens, and the attitude of netizens to him will not change because of Wang Jianlin’s position on the wealth list. Therefore, although Wang Jianlin is no longer the richest man, Wang Sicong is still the "husband of the people". When Wang Sicong fights with others, the first choice of onlookers is still to believe him. If other sons of wealthy businesspeople also come to open Weibo, it may not achieve the effect of Wang Sicong.

Rewriting our understanding of the early formation history of the Milky Way, scientists obtain the most accurate large sample of star age information to date

On March 24, Beijing time, the international scientific journal Nature published a major achievement in the form of a cover article by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany in collaboration with Dr. Maosheng and Professor Hans-Walter Rix. Based onGuo Shoujing Telescope, a major national scientific and technological infrastructure operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(LAMOST) andESA Astrometry Satellite Gaia Telescope(Gaia) sky survey data, researchers have obtained the most accurate large sample of stellar age information to date, clearly reconstructing the formation and evolution of the Milky Way during its infancy and adolescence according to the time series, rewriting people’s understanding of the early formation history of the Milky Way.

The age of a star is one of the most difficult physical quantities to accurately measure in astronomy.

The beautiful and vast Milky Way in the night sky has aroused countless imagination and endless exploration since ancient times. Our Milky Way is an ordinary disk galaxy in countless cosmic islands. Like other similar galaxies, it has integrated hundreds of billions of stars over the past ten billion years. These stars are mainly distributed in the Milky Way’s halo and silver disk, which in turn includes a geometrically relatively thick disk and a relatively thin and more extended disk. However, when did the Milky Way’s halo and Milky Way disk form, and how did they assemble and evolve into today’s colorful galaxy?It has always been a scientific mystery that astronomers urgently need to solve.It is also the main scientific goal of a large-scale astronomical survey program for multiple ground and space telescopes around the world.

LAMOST publishes tens of millions of star spectra, becoming the cornerstone of the digital galaxy. The Gaia satellite launched by ESA provides maps of the positions and movements of 1.40 billion stars. This perfect combination provides astronomers with a unique advantage in tracing the integration and evolution history of the Milky Way. To Dr. Maosheng and Professor Rix based on LAMOST and Gaia data,High-quality data samples containing 250,000 subgiant stars were constructed and their precise ages were obtained.The age of a star is the most difficult physical quantity to accurately determine, and it can also be said to be one of the most difficult physical quantities to accurately measure in the field of astronomy.

Thanks to the LAMOST Milky Way Survey and other international sky surveys, obtaining the ages of large samples of stars has become a reality in the past few years. However, the typical age error of large samples of stars obtained by previous studies is 20% or more, and the star samples that achieve 10% age determination accuracy are very small, and the space and parameter range of the samples are also very limited. Using the LAMOST spectroscopic big data, the atmospheric parameters of 7 million stars were accurately determined in the Lush, and combined with the Gaia data, high-precision stellar luminosity and orbital kinematics parameters were obtained. 250,000 subgiant stars were selected from these 7 million stars, and their precise ages were determined.The average age accuracy of the sample is 7%.The metal element abundance coverage ranges from -2.5 (one-300th of the metal content of the sun) to 0.5 (three times the metal content of the sun), with a space coverage of 30,000 light-years. This is the first time that such a large sample of stars has been obtained within such a vast space and stellar metal abundance range of the Milky Way. It has successfully broken through the limitations of data and taken a landmark step for the study of the history of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way.

[The first "clear picture" of the history of the formation of the Milky Way]

Based on their motional characteristics and chemical DNA (elemental abundance), they divided 250,000 stars into two groups: those characterized by the formation of the Milky Way’s extended thin disk during a relatively dynamically quiet process, and those characterized by the formation of the Milky Way’s halo and thick disk during a dynamically violent turbulent process. The research team found that the ages of these two groups of stars, bounded by about 8 billion years, were equally clearly divided into two distinct groups. That is, in terms of time, the integration and evolution history of the Milky Way is divided into two well-defined stages, the early stage from 13 billion years ago to 8 billion years ago and the late stage from 8 billion years ago to the present. The early stage formed the Milky Way’s thick disk and halo, and the late stage formed the Milky Way’s thin disk.

The ultra-high temporal resolution allowed the research team to obtain a clear picture of the early integration and augmentation of the Milky Way: stars in the Milky Way’s thick disk have been forming since 13 billion years ago, just 800 million years after the Big Bang (corresponding to a cosmological redshift of 7). The oldest thick disk stars are even about 1 billion-2 billion years older than the stars in the Milky Way’s inner halo. The inner halo structure of the Milky Way is thought to be mainly caused by the collision of the Hundred-Handed Giant Enceladus Dwarf Galaxy (GSE) into the Milky Way and were accreted and formed in time. That is,The early thick disk formed 1 billion-2 billion years before the main stellar halo structure we see today, refreshing conventional knowledge of the galaxy’s early formation history.

Diagram of the early formation and evolution of the Milky Way:138Billions of years ago, the Big Bang.130Billions of years ago, thick plates began to form,110Million years ago, the halo formed.80Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Milky Way’s thin disk formed. (Image source: Yu Jingchuan)

After further investigation, Xiang Maosheng et al. also found that although the formation of the thick disk lasted for about 5 billion years from 13 billion years ago to 8 billion years ago, the metal content increased by 30 times. However, although the cycle lasted for 5 billion years, most of the thick disk stars formed in a concentrated explosion about 11 billion years ago. At the same time, they found that the merger of the dwarf galaxy GSE and the early Milky Way occurred about 11 billion years ago, which is 1 billion years earlier than previously thought. The two ages are highly consistent, which the research team believes is no accident, but strongly suggests that the star formation activity of the thick disk was significantly stimulated by the GSE impact event.

The gas that formed the thick disk stars was exhausted about 8 billion years ago, and the formation of the thick disk stopped. Around the same time, new gas began to gather from around the Milky Way into a thinner disk to form the Milky Way’s thin disk stars. The thin disk formation process continues to this day. At this point, a precise image of the formation and evolution of the early Milky Way on a timeline is presented, Nature journalThe reviewers’ evaluation of this result is the first to provide such a clear picture of the history of the galaxy’s formation.The Milky Way, as a representative of ordinary galaxies, is a key laboratory for our study of the formation and evolution of ordinary galaxies in the universe, which can help astronomers trace the fascinating stories that have taken place from the very early universe to today.

H3C： ABC deep integration empowers digital transformation

On December 16, 2019, the "9th China Cloud Computing Standards and Applications Conference" hosted by the China Electronics Standardization Institute was held in Beijing. The conference, with the theme of "Innovation Driven, Open Source Leading", lasted two days and covered two main forums and six sub-forums.

At the conference site, experts from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization, State Administration for Market Regulation, National University of Defense Technology, Xinhua Three, Alibaba, Tencent and other units all gave speeches and discussions on the topics of enterprise cloud, open-source ecological construction, and enriching and improving the cloud evaluation system.

After the meeting, the 51CTO reporter was fortunate to interview Ou Coral, the chief engineer of Xinhua Group’s cloud number product line, and asked him to make an in-depth interpretation of the development trend of cloud computing and the road of Xinhua Three’s ABC integration.

Future technology development trends, lock in "ABC deep integration"

For the development trend of cloud computing, Ou Coral’s view is that "ABC deep integration" is the development trend of future technologies. In IDC’s 2019 global cloud forecast report, keywords such as digital native IT, cloud + AI @edge, super application, customization/verticalization, and hybrid cloud also confirm the inevitable trend of ABC deep integration.

Ou Coral said that the development trend of cloud computing is rooted in the innovation requirements of AppCloud, and the integration of a new generation of information technology cloud platform can easily provide basic power for enterprise AppCloud, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing deep integration has become the best choice for enterprise cloud technology selection.

For the ABC platform of "cloud digital intelligence" integration advocated by H3C, Ou Coral emphasized that it is based on the full-stack cloud platform, deeply integrates various technical capabilities such as AI, big data, IoT and cloud scene-based capabilities in various industries, based on the powerful computing power and massive storage provided by the cloud digital platform, and uses data intelligent analysis as a means to deeply mine the potential value of data, create more and new business opportunities for customers, and provide an ABC integrated integration platform with full-stack technical capabilities and full life cycle service capabilities for accelerating enterprise digital transformation.

For a long time, H3C has been cultivating in the toB enterprise network market, and has unique advantages in terms of industry business understanding ability, industry scenario ability and industry customer accumulation. Moreover, H3C Group has a full range of digital infrastructure capabilities such as computing, storage, network, and security. Starting from the underlying infrastructure, to the intermediate platform of ABC integration, and then to the intelligent upper application, it can help customers in thousands of industries to achieve smarter business decisions, more timely business response, more agile business deployment, more reliable business guarantee and safer business environment in the process of digital transformation.

ABC integration platform three advantages, empowering "digital transformation"

The ABC Fusion platform has been released for just half a year, and has been highly recognized by users in various industries such as medical care, education, and finance. Ou Coral revealed that the market focus of the ABC Fusion platform in the future is to continue to focus on industry customers, clarify industry business attributes, delve into customer business logic, and explore the bonding points between the ABC Fusion platform and customer business, so as to build more practical and scenario-based industry cloud solutions with strong bonding with customer business scenarios.

Regarding the advantages of the ABC Fusion platform, Ou Coral said that there are three main advantages.

First, the flexibility of the platform architecture; artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing three major technologies are deeply integrated, big data provides data services, cloud computing provides computing power services, artificial intelligence provides algorithm services, computing power, algorithms, and data three capabilities are delivered flexibly on demand, flexibly adapted to the cloud transformation of enterprise business, and jointly support future-oriented digital business. Simply put, all the capabilities required by customers are provided in the form of services. For users, big data and AI services can be purchased on demand.

Second, AI-ready intelligence; processing big data in the cloud with AI, carrying AI capabilities in the cloud, empowering big data analytics with AI, providing a simple and efficient ABC integration platform for enterprise digital transformation and supporting the development of smart applications. A very intuitive example of the education industry is that in the application of standardized examination rooms, candidates do not need identity certificates such as ID cards or admission cards, but use the facial recognition algorithm of the ABC fusion platform to directly brush their faces to enter the venue; in smart teaching applications, with the help of the visual analysis service, speech transcription service and natural language processing (NLP) algorithm of the ABC fusion platform, real-time analysis of students’ classroom behavior and expression data, as well as teaching interaction process data, help school leaders better grasp the classroom teaching process, and support teaching and research personnel to carry out teaching improvement auxiliary diagnostic services.

Third, it is safe and reliable. H3C has been committed to independent research and development in line with the national strategy and trusted cloud-related standards and norms of the cloud platform, in accordance with the Central Network Information Office, MIIT and other relevant cloud computing security guidance documents and standards, to provide a complete cloud security compliance programs and services, including cloud platform security architecture design and deployment, cloud security assessment, Cloud as a Service security audit evaluation and other service support, to ensure that the user’s cloud platform to meet the cloud security compliance requirements, to meet the financial, medical, education and other different industries security standards.

Finally, Ou Coral said that in the face of the future 5G-supported intelligent interconnection of all things, Xinhua three cloud computing will focus on two directions in the future, one is hybrid cloud, to meet the urgent needs of building a public cloud and private cloud dual-mode IT cloud environment in the process of enterprise cloud; the other is edge cloud, which develops edge cloud that supports consumer and industry innovative business applications, pushes related Cloud as a Service to the edge in a lightweight way, and combines the model of central cloud modeling analysis and edge cloud real-time decision-making to better meet the key needs of enterprise digitalization in connection, real-time and intelligence in the era of intelligent connection of all things.

Xinhua Sanyun has grown in practice, accumulated in practice, and led in practice. It has successively undertaken the construction of 15 national and ministerial government affairs clouds, 22 provincial government affairs clouds, more than 300 municipal and county government affairs clouds, 5 provincial health clouds, and more than 20 municipal health clouds. It has created a series of benchmark industry cases such as Sichuan Provincial Government Cloud, CNOOC Enterprise Cloud, Tsinghua University Education Cloud, State Grid Power Regulation Cloud, People’s Bank of China Clearing Center, and Beijing TV Station. At present, Xinhua Sanyun has more than 8,000 cloud value customers in government affairs, education, enterprise, medical and health care, finance, power and energy and other related fields. In the future, H3C Cloud Computing will continue to focus on the industry market and the government and enterprise market. Through more than 20 years of industry experience, it will help industry customers’ businesses and processes adapt to changes in the external market more quickly and efficiently, and promote continuous innovation in production methods.

＂Coming to the Light and Glorious to the World＂ was released in Eta Ursae Majoris-Hefei Station

On the evening of March 5th, Eta Ursae Majoris, the "400,000-class flagship SUV of wisdom and luxury", made its debut in Hefei.

Before the opening ceremony, the Eta Ursae Majoris flight show (stunt show) with wonderful lighting interpretation created a warm atmosphere for the guests present at the conference, and also made them feel the excellent handling quality of Eta Ursae Majoris models. The scene was full of climax and excitement.

At 18:30, the magnificent lighting show of Wenfeng Building, which echoes the main venue, was officially staged. After an exciting countdown, the listing and release of Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris-Hefei Station officially kicked off.

At the event site, the leaders of Xingtu Marketing Center, many dealer partners in Xingtu Central China Region, and many invited starlight friends and media coffees gathered together. The highly anticipated Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris will soon unveil its mystery under the witness of many guests and media friends.

At the press conference, Liu De, director of the operation department of the key account director in charge of the Central China Region of Xingtu Marketing Center, brought a wonderful speech to everyone.

Mr. Liu said that Xingtu, as a high-end brand of Chery, is also a strategic brand of Chery, shouldering the important mission of leading Chery to accelerate change, make breakthroughs and fully embrace the era of green smart cars. Xingtu is the spire of Chery Group’s brand pyramid, and it should go straight into the sky!

Starway Eta Ursae Majoris, the flagship SUV with 400,000-class wisdom and luxury, is not only the first strategic model in the era of Starway brand 2.0, but also the first model of Chery Group’s "Eta Ursae Majoris 202.5 billion science and technology strategy", which is the best embodiment of the innovative spirit of "Technical Chery" in the new era.

"Users create together" is Starway’s leading idea of "customer-centered" at present. In this Eta Ursae Majoris listing and release session, two car owners’ representatives from Hefei area were invited to jointly unveil it with Starway’s leaders, which shows that Starway attaches great importance to customers and really envies others!

Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris officially appeared on the market in Hefei. Liu Hualin, product line quality director of Chery Automobile User Co-creation and Product Management Center, introduced the highlights of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris in detail, which made the "400,000-class smart and luxury flagship SUV" deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

Then, Li Ning, Marketing Director of Xingtu Marketing Center in Central China, announced the listing price and preferential policies of Eta Ursae Majoris for all the guests: the new car was launched with six models of 400T TGDI two-wheel drive and 400T TGDI four-wheel drive, with the price range of 152,800-202,800 yuan. Judging from the previous professional media evaluation, Starway Eta Ursae Majoris has the leapfrog strength to comprehensively benchmark the 400,000 joint venture luxury SUV. Combined with the people-friendly price and rich configuration level announced this time, it is believed that after listing, it will quickly set off a "luxury equal rights" movement in the 200,000-yuan SUV market, leading the Starway brand to establish a new pattern of independent high-end market.

⑥ Star-fixing Ceremony: Free road rescue for the first car owner for life.

Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris has been receiving much media attention since it was blindly ordered and pre-sold. At today’s press conference, Mr. Qian Wei, a well-known host of Anhui Traffic Radio, also came to the scene to share his view of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris and express his best wishes to Starway brand and Eta Ursae Majoris.

At the press conference, the first batch of car owners’ representatives from Central China were also invited to the scene. Under the witness of many guests, Xingtu held a grand delivery ceremony for them.

Before the end of the event, the leaders at the scene took a group photo with the car owners’ representatives and our media partners, and jointly recorded the wonderful moments that belonged to Eta Ursae Majoris.

It is worth mentioning that in the afternoon of the same day, the "Eta Ursae Majoris 1 Hit 7" special comparative test drive experience camp was held on the spot. Many invited customers and media friends who are interested in Eta Ursae Majoris participated in the test drive on the spot, and verified the excellent reliability and quality control ability of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris with their own experience.

[written at the end]

Judging from the market results of "hot before listing", the product positioning of Xingtu brand for Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris’s "400,000-class smart and light luxury flagship SUV" is not an armchair strategist, and the key lies in the precise product strategy of "breaking through the purchasing power of doubling the car price". Today, the automobile market in China is undergoing earth-shaking changes. Joint-venture luxury brands have shown signs of fatigue in terms of product change, market demand and user concept. China brand has started to rise strongly through independent innovation technology, and gradually mastered the discourse power and pricing power of the mainstream family car market. At present, there is an urgent need for a product that can show national pride and has the value of high-end cars in China, and Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris is such a model with a product value of 400,000, which is comparable to the joint venture luxury SUV brand.

How to avoid ＂new pollution＂ when 200,000 tons of retired batteries flow into the black market？

CCTV News:The new energy vehicle market is experiencing explosive growth. In 2020, the sales of new energy vehicles reached 1.36 million, with a year-on-year increase of 2.8 times in the first quarter of this year, and the sales volume reached 515,000.

However, as an important part of the new energy automobile industry, the recycling of retired batteries has hidden risks. According to media reports, by 2020, the cumulative decommissioning amount of power batteries in China will be about 200,000 tons, and a large number of them will flow into informal channels such as small workshops, which will bring safety and environmental hazards.

Explosive growth of new energy vehicles "blowout" of retired batteries

Xiaomi announced the plan to build a car, Huawei laid out the vehicle controller, Evergrande said that it had invested more than 10 billion yuan in building a car, and DJI officially announced that it would enter the car track … … Nowadays, the "smart car war" is extremely hot, and the baton of technology companies’ car fever has spread from Internet companies to mobile phone companies, and now it has been sent to drone companies.

In order to solve the problems brought by traditional fuel vehicles, in recent years, countries all over the world have begun to increase research and development and support for new energy vehicles. On April 12th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the progress of establishing the policy system of Hainan Free Trade Port. At the meeting, Shen Xiaoming, director of the Standing Committee of Hainan Provincial People’s Congress, said that in order to protect the ecological environment, Hainan will no longer sell traditional fuel vehicles and fully promote clean energy vehicles by 2030.

According to the data of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, 1.36 million new energy vehicles were sold in 2020. In the first quarter of this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 533,000 and 515,000 respectively, up 3.2 times and 2.8 times respectively. However, while more and more enterprises are joining the new wave of building cars, the new energy automobile industry is in chaos.

According to the data of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, the cumulative decommissioning amount of power batteries in China will be about 200,000 tons in 2020, and this number will rise to 780,000 tons in 2025.

(New energy vehicle batteries usher in "retirement tide")

In order to ensure battery recycling, in 2018, the Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Environmental Protection stipulated that automobile manufacturers should bear the main responsibility for recycling power batteries, establish power battery recycling channels, and be responsible for recycling waste power batteries generated after the use and scrapping of new energy vehicles.

Although many OEMs have established battery recycling business, a large number of power batteries have not flowed into formal channels. First of all, because retired batteries can be sold for money, many batteries have been bought at high prices by some unqualified car dismantling factories and "small workshops", and most of them do not have professional battery decomposition equipment; Secondly, consumers don’t know about the recycling channel information of retired batteries, and the motivation to turn them over voluntarily is insufficient, resulting in a large number of batteries not entering the recycling channel.

In addition, industry insiders said that in practice, the outstanding problem faced by car companies in battery recycling is the ownership of batteries. After the whole vehicle is sold to the users, the ownership of the battery belongs to the users. After the vehicle has been used for many years, the whole vehicle is scrapped, and the retired battery of the scrapped vehicle belongs to the scrapped vehicle dismantling enterprise. To some extent, this also brings difficulties for the vehicle enterprises to recycle the battery.

Power battery recycling is difficult. Experts: It needs the integration of many forces.

Ms. Jiang from Henan bought a Zotye E200 new energy vehicle with a warranty period of 8 years in 2017. The staff of the 4S shop said that it would cost about 40,000 yuan to replace the battery at their own expense after the warranty period. "Changing the battery is basically the same as changing the car."

The power battery in the new energy vehicle is a consumable, with an average service life of about five years, which is shorter than other parts of the car body. However, it holds the "life gate" of the new energy vehicle. Mileage problem, charging problem, residual value problem and the benefit of battery replacement, all these pain points around new energy vehicles are inseparable from the battery.

Professor Yan Li from the School of Environment, Renmin University of China said that the power battery is different from all other energy storage batteries, and it is a battery pack (group), which requires professional enterprises to disassemble the module, and there are special requirements for the dismantling site, equipment, personnel and safety. Dismantled waste battery cells, including waste liquid and solid waste, must be collected, stored, transported and kept as hazardous waste, and waste liquid or solid waste shall not be discarded, buried or burned.

"If the power battery cannot be effectively recycled, it will cause great environmental harm." Professor Yan Li explained that taking lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example, once the electrolyte leaked from unrecycled lithium batteries, toxic and corrosive electrolyte would flow into the natural environment, which would be harmful to human body, soil and water. The ternary lithium battery is more harmful. The battery material contains heavy metals such as manganese, cobalt and nickel, which will cause pollution to water and soil for 50 years. The carbon and graphite in the negative electrode material will cause dust pollution to the air.

According to Professor Yan Li, the standard for scrapping lithium batteries in new energy vehicles is that the battery capacity is less than 80%. At this time, the remaining capacity is not enough to support the power of new energy vehicles, but recycling at this time often causes great waste. At present, China is formulating and improving the recycling management methods of power batteries, and establishing a cascade utilization and recycling management system of power batteries. "That is to say, scrapped power batteries can be degraded to ICT, household or renewable energy for power generation and energy storage, rather than direct resource recovery."

Since the promotion of new energy vehicles in China is after 2015 and has achieved explosive growth in recent years, it is foreseeable that the scrapping of power batteries will continue to increase in the next few years. Although the country has issued the recycling standards for power batteries and effectively standardized the technology to ensure the safety, environmental protection and high efficiency of the dismantling process of power batteries, "there is no complete recycling industry chain in China, and the battery standards are not unified, the technology is immature, and the cost of battery reverse logistics recycling is high, which directly affects the economic benefits of power battery recycling and the development of recycling industry."

The battery recycling schemes of other automobile countries may have certain reference value. The United States has established a legal system for recycling used batteries from federal, state and local levels, requiring battery manufacturers to be responsible for organizing the recycling of used lead batteries, and using the handling fee paid by consumers and the recycling fee paid by battery enterprises as the source of funds for the disposal of used batteries.

Japan also stipulates that manufacturers are responsible for the recycling of Ni-MH and lithium batteries. After the batteries are recycled, they will be transported back to the battery manufacturers for disposal, and the government will give corresponding subsidies to the manufacturers. Toyota, a representative enterprise, first recycles the used batteries through the dealer network, and then disposes them in different fields by entering the maintenance system, cascade utilization and dismantling, and then disposes them after reaching a certain amount.

Germany launched the Battery Law in 2009, stipulating that battery producers and importers should register with the government, dealers should organize recycling, and users are obliged to hand over used batteries to designated recycling institutions.

Professor Yan Li said that China is at the forefront of all countries in the promotion of new energy vehicles, so the overseas experience that can be followed is limited. The rapid change of power battery technology puts forward higher requirements for its recycling. A sound battery recycling system needs the integration of policies, technologies, subsidies, supervision and other forces.